Diagnóstico de glaucoma

Como oftalmologista especializado, gostaria de esclarecer a importância do diagnóstico precoce do glaucoma, uma condição ocular que causa dano ao nervo óptico, componente essencial para a visão. Muitas vezes, o glaucoma é associado à pressão ocular elevada, embora também possa ocorrer em olhos com pressão normal.

O diagnóstico do glaucoma geralmente envolve uma combinação de exames, uma vez que a doença pode ser assintomática em seus estágios iniciais. Aqui estão alguns dos principais métodos de diagnóstico que usamos na prática clínica:

  1. Avaliação da Pressão Intraocular (Tonometria): Este exame mede a pressão dentro do olho, que pode estar elevada em alguns tipos de glaucoma. No entanto, como mencionei, o glaucoma também pode ocorrer com pressão intraocular normal, portanto, este é apenas um dos aspectos que avaliamos.
  2. Exame do Nervo Óptico (Oftalmoscopia): Utilizando um aparelho chamado oftalmoscópio, avaliamos a aparência do nervo óptico, que pode apresentar alterações características em casos de glaucoma.
  3. Teste de Campo Visual (Perimetria): Este exame avalia a visão periférica, que geralmente é afetada antes da visão central no glaucoma. Perdas específicas no campo visual podem indicar a presença da doença.
  4. Exame da Espessura da Córnea (Paquimetria): A espessura da córnea pode influenciar as medidas da pressão intraocular, sendo, portanto, um fator relevante na avaliação do glaucoma.
  5. Avaliação do Ângulo de Drenagem (Gonioscopia): Este exame permite visualizar o ângulo de drenagem do olho, que pode estar obstruído em alguns tipos de glaucoma.

É fundamental destacar que o glaucoma é uma doença crônica e progressiva, que se não tratada, pode levar à perda irreversível da visão. No entanto, quando diagnosticada precocemente, existem diversas opções de tratamento disponíveis, incluindo medicamentos, laser e cirurgia, que podem controlar a doença e prevenir ou retardar a perda da visão. Portanto, recomendo fortemente que sejam realizados exames oculares regulares, principalmente se você tem fatores de risco para o glaucoma, como idade avançada, histórico familiar, raça negra, diabetes, miopia elevada, entre outros.

Glaucoma - Biologia Net

 

Foto de Dr. Lucas Tavares Faria
Dr. Lucas Tavares Faria

Dr. Lucas Tavares Faria é natural de Belo Horizonte, filho de Oftalmologista e descendente da primeira Óptica da cidade. Especialização em Oftalmologia e o fellowship de retina clínica e cirúrgica realizados no Centro Oftalmológico de MG, vem se dedicando ao tratamento clínico e cirúrgico das afecções oculares com foco nas cirurgias de Catarata, Retina e Refrativa.

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